AvB‡Rb÷vBb
(1898-1948,
†mvwf‡qZ ivwkqv)| c„w_exi me©Kv‡ji me©‡kªô
`kRb wPÎcwiPvj‡Ki GKRb, Lye m¤¢eZ, cÖ_g
RbB †m‡M©B AvB‡Rb÷vBb| Z_vwc AvB‡Rb÷vBb
wbZvš— wPÎcwiPvjKB bb, cÖv_wgK fv‡e wZwb
n‡jb Pjw”P‡Îi I wk‡íi GK Abb¨
`vk©wbK| Zuvi iPbv, nv‡Z AvuvKv Qwe I wbwg©Z Pjw”P‡Îi
†fZi GKUv ¯úó †hvMm~Î KvR K‡i‡Q
†h‡nZz m„wó wn‡m‡e Zuvi Kv‡Q
G¸‡jv ci¯ú‡ii cwic~iK I m¤ú~iK|
1. AvB‡Rb÷vB‡bi
wPÎRxeb t
‡h‡nZz Zuvi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Qwei,
we‡klZ, me©‡kl wPÎ ÔAvBfvi ` †Uwie&j&Õ-Gi
Avw½K, cÖPwjZ Avw½K †_‡K Avjv`v, (weï×
I M‡elYvg~jK), d‡j KviI KviI g‡b n‡Z cv‡i
†h Zuvi Qwe Avw½Kme©¯^| GUv †h Ab¨vb¨
aviYv ïay ZvB bq, wPÎwbg©vY m¤ú‡K©
Zuvi D‡Ïk¨ I we‡aq m¤^‡Ü cy‡ivcywi
AÁvbZvI| †Kbbv Avw½K wb‡q cÖ`k©bwcÖqZv
wZwb ¯^‡cœI fve‡Zb bv, Avw½K welq Kjv‡KŠkj-me
wgwj‡q gva¨gwU‡K wb‡Ri AwaKv‡i AvbvB wQj
Zuvi g~j j¨| Avw½K welq AvMÖn wQj wbðqB, Zuvi G‡Kev‡i
cÖ_g w`KKvi GKUv †jLv The
question of a materialist approach to form
(1925), Zuvi GKLvbv cÖeÜ-msKj‡bi bvgI wdj¥ dg©|
†mB e¨vcviUv wKš‘ cÖvhyw³K, wZwb wQ‡jb
wkK I weÁvbx, Qwe ˆZwi Kiv, Aa¨vcbv Kiv, I cÖeÜ
†jLv-Zuvi Kv‡Q G¸‡jv wQj wkím„wói
inm¨ Dcjwä Kivi †Póv, hv‡Z m„wói
wbqvgK m~θwj‡K MVb Kiv hvq I Pjw”P‡Îi
Qv·`i nv‡Z Zv Zz‡j †`Iqv hvq| KvmNi,
÷zwWI Avi wbR¯^ MÖš’vMvi, AvB‡Rb÷vB‡bi
M‡elYvq Giv G‡K A‡b¨i mv‡_ RwoZ| KvmNi †Zv
A‡bKUv M‡elYvMv‡ii g‡ZvB †hLv‡b
wZwb Zuvi ZË¡mg~n‡K cixv K‡i †`L‡Zb|
Qv·`i Rb¨ iwPZ Zuvi cÖeÜ wb‡q Qv·`i
m‡½ Av‡jvPbv bZzb cÖe‡Üi wPš—v
†RvMvZ| ‡hgb †iLvwP‡Îi As&Kb nj mwVK
AvKv‡i DcbxZ nevi Acwinvh© Abykxjb c×wZ|
gvÎ Pjw”PÎ wkí
bq, Zuvi M‡elYvi †²Î wQj eûwe¯Z…Z|
imvqb †_‡K Awawe`¨v, Avw`g ms¯‹…wZ
†_‡K HwZn¨civqY Pxbv ev Rvcvwb wkí mg¯—B
Zvi Aš—©f~³| mvivRxe‡b hv wZwb ï‡b‡Qb,
c‡o‡Qb, meB Zuvi M‡elYvi Kv‡R †j‡M‡Q|
Qwe‡Z, Av‡jvPbvq Zv †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv
fv‡e G‡m †M‡Q| †h Rb¨ Zuvi Qwei mg¯—
Dcv`vb‡K mwVK ey‡S IVv GZ KwVb| Zvi gv‡b GB bq †h
wZwb Qwe Ki‡Zb `k©K‡`i K_v bv †f‡e| Zuvi
wPš—vi cÖv_wgK ¯—‡iB wQj `k©Kiv,
†h D‡Ïk¨g~jKZvq wZwb Z_vKwdZ ÔKgvwm©qvjÕ
cwiPvjK‡`i g‡Zv `k©K-m‡PZb wQ‡jb| cv_©K¨
wQj †h, `k©K‡`i wbQK cÖ‡gva `vb Zuvi D‡Ïk¨
wQj bv, wZwb Zv‡`i eyw× I gb Kl©‡Yi c²cvZx
wQ‡jb, hv GKUv g¨vwb‡d‡÷vq GKevi wZwb ¯úó
K‡i e‡jb| g~jMZfv‡e Zuvi Qwe wQj wk²vg~jK-cÖPviev`x|
Pjw”P‡Îi Avw½K wel‡q Zuvi M‡elYv
`k©K‡`i Dchy³fv‡e wkwZ K‡i †Zvjvi
Rb¨ gva¨gwU‡K kw³kvjx KivB †Póv, ev
gva¨g‡K, Zuvi fvlvq, Rxeš— Abykxjbx MÖš’
K‡i †Zvjv|
`k©K‡`i Ici Zuvi Qwei wbw`©ó
I wbqwš¿Z cÖfve _vK‡e GUv wQj AvB‡Rb÷vB‡bi
cÖavb evmbv| GwU Zuvi M‡elYv I wPÎwbg©vY Dfq‡K
cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q| wPÎ wbg©v‡Yi AwfÁZv
†_‡K wZwb ZvwË¡K M‡elYvi †LvivK †c‡Zb
I Zv Zuvi cieZ©x m„wó‡K mg„× KiZ|
Qwe ˆZwii mg‡q wZwb AbymiY Ki‡Zb ¯^Ávb‡K
I ˆZwi †kl n‡q hvIqvi cv‡i, †h me †gKvwbRg
QwewU‡K mv_©K K‡i Zz‡j‡Q Zv‡`i ey‡S
†b Iqvi †Póv Ki‡Zb, hv‡Z AvMvgx Qwe‡Z
IB †gKvwbRg‡K wb‡Ri wbqš¿‡Y G‡b
Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hvq| Zuvi mgmvgwqK cwiPvjK‡`i A‡b‡Ki
gva¨gwU‡K inm¨gq K‡i †Zvjvi †Póv
Pjw”P·K AwaKv‡i Avbvi I G‡K mvs¯‹…wZK
nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e e¨env‡ii cÖqv‡m wedjZv
Avb‡e, wZwb AvksKv K‡iwQ‡jb| AvB‡Rb÷vB‡bi
wb‡Ri g‡a¨ wQj GKw`‡K m„Rbkxj wkí‡PZbv,
Ab¨w`‡K weÁvbwfwËK c¨vkb, Avi m„RbcÖwZfvi
¯^Ztù~Z© cÖKvk, GgbwK cÖwZK~j cwiw¯’wZ‡ZI|
wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb Pjw”PÎ wbg©vYmn mg¯—
gvbweK Kvh©vejx MvwYwZK LyuZnxbZvq cwiKwíZ I wbqwš¿Z
n‡Z cv‡i| Zuvi Ô_ªy †ifwjDkb Uz AvU©,
_ªy AvU© Uz †ifwjDkbÕ cÖe‡Ü wZwb
GB cÖZ¨q e¨³ K‡iwQ‡jb †h hš¿we`
wn‡m‡e Zuvi ¯^í AwfÁZvcÖm~Z wkvi
mg_©b wZwb †c‡q hv‡eb m„wói Drm
I wk‡íi cÖK…wZ wb‡q Zuvi AbymÜv‡bi
†fZi| †h cÖwZfvi wZwb me‡P‡q cÖksmv
Ki‡Zb wZwb n‡jb wkíx-weÁvbx wjIbv‡`©v
`v wfwÂ| wkí I weÁvb‡PZbvi GB mgš^‡qi
cÖqvm wm‡bgv g~jZ †UKwbKcÖavb e‡j Av‡iv
†ewk m¤¢vebvgq I ev¯—em¤§Z|
AvB‡Rb÷vBb ej‡Zb,
wkíxi †Kv‡bv GKUv Qwe‡K ey‡S DV‡Z
†M‡j Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ Qwe, iPbv I †iLvwP‡ÎiI
Abykxjb cÖ‡qvRb| we‡klZ †mB Qwe cÖ‡hvRbvi
mg‡q †h mg¯— Qwe nv‡Z AvuvKv n‡qwQj
†m¸wj| ÔKvwmK‡K eyS‡Z n‡j, P~ovš—
m„wóB h‡_ó bq, wkíx wewea †bvU
I †¯‹‡P Zuvi †h ZvrwYK I Avbycyw•LK
weeiY †i‡L‡Qb ZvI Ri“wiÕ, wZwb wj‡LwQ‡jb|
GB gZev` Zuvi wb‡Ri Qwei †²‡ÎI cy‡ivcywi
cÖ‡hvR¨| Zuvi †iLvwPÎ Zuvi Avbycyw•LK
Kíbvkw³i `„k¨iƒc I Zvi c‡² `„k¨MZ
mg_©b| GB A¼b Avm‡j AvKvi I AvK…wZ wb‡q
ciwv, hv kxwjZ I miwjK…Z| Zuvi Kg©Rxe‡bi (1924-1948)
cy‡ivUvB iPbvi Rb¨I wb‡qvwRZ, †mUvI Av‡jvPbxq|
2. iPbv t
AvB‡Rb÷vB‡bi cÖeܸwj‡Z Zuvi
ZË¡, wm‡bgv wel‡q Zuvi Aš—`„©wó,
I wkím„wói c×wZ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
Zuvi iPbvi Kvh©Kvix I KvjRqx ZvwË¡K Dcv`vb¸wj‡K
GKÎ K‡i GKwU ev K‡qKwU msnZ cÖe‡Ü
cÖKvk Kiv mg‡qi Afv‡e n‡q D‡V wb| Zey Am¤ú~Y©
wKš‘ my`xN© The
Non-indifferent Nature
GB w`‡K GK eo c`‡²c Pwj‡ki `k‡K Zuvi
K‡qKwU cÖavb cÖe‡Üi Abyev` The
Film sense and Film Director, Lessons with Eisenstein
cÖKvk cvq| wewfbœ mg‡q iwPZ cÖeÜ wewfbœ
mg‡q Ab~w`Z I cÖKvwkZ n‡q AvB‡Rb÷vB‡bi
wPš—vaviv m¤ú‡K© bvbv ؇›Øi
m„wó K‡i‡Q| we‡klZ gbZvR wel‡q
Zuvi aviYv m¤ú‡K©| GB ZË¡ Kzwo eQ‡iiI
†ewk mgq a‡i µgweeZ©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q
wM‡q Kxfv‡e GKUv hvwš¿K †KŠkj †_‡K
GKUv Notion
n‡q DV‡Z †c‡iwQj (A¨vwi÷U‡j
†hgb cU †_‡K A¨vKkb) Zv AvB‡Rb÷vB‡bi
cÖeܸwj KvjvbyµwgK fv‡e cvV bv Ki‡j
wKQy‡ZB ey‡S IVv hvq bv| wZwb †h mg¯— eB
hLb c‡owQ‡jb †m¸‡jv Zuvi cÖe‡Ü
D`vniY w`‡Z, Zzjbv Avb‡Z, I fvebv m„wó‡Z
Kxfv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q ZvI AvMÖnKi| †h‡nZz
Abyev‡` g~j e³e¨ GKUz A¯úó n‡q
hv‡eB ZvB Zuvi GKB cÖe‡Üi wewfbœ Abyev` cvkvcvwk
†i‡L covI Ri“wi| Zuvi cÖ_g w`‡Ki iPbv ÔgbZvR
Ae& A¨vUªvK&kbmÕ (1923)-‡q Dcv`v‡bi
gbZvR wel‡q †h ZvwË¡K Av‡jvPbv Av‡Q
Kvjµ‡g AwfÁZv e„w×i m‡½
m‡½ wZwb Zv‡K cwiewa©Z iƒc I Ab¨vb¨
e³‡e¨i cwi‡cÖw‡Z †i‡L Aa¨qb
evÃbxq| Zvn‡j Zv Av‡iv cÖvmw½K I mnR‡eva¨
n‡e| Zuvi iPbvq wPš—vi GKUv A¨v‡mvwm‡qwUf
aibI †Pv‡L c‡o, GK welq Av‡iK welq‡K G‡b
†`q I `y‡q wg‡j Z…Zxq GK welq‡K Dc¯’vwcZ
K‡i| Dcv`vb-ms‡kl‡Yi gbZvR m¤§Z GB
c×wZ Zuvi iPbvi †²‡ÎI mwµq †hLv‡b
Zuvi cwiPvjbvq m¤ú~Y© Qwei msL¨v gvÎ AvUwU
(hw`I B`vbxs Zuvi wKQy-wKQy Am¤ú~Y© Qwei Askwe‡kl
I `y-wZbwU †QvU Qwe Avwe®K…Z I cÖ`wk©Z n‡q‡Q)
†mLv‡b 1964-‡ZB ivwkqvb fvlvq cÖKvwkZ Zuvi iPbvejxi
QqwU LÊ, I Av‡iv GKvwaK LÊ hš¿¯’|
Gi g‡a¨ Zuvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU Qwe m¤ú‡K©
wb‡Ri `xN© I g~j¨evb Av‡jvPbvI i‡q‡Q|
3. †iLvwPÎ t
AvB‡Rb÷vB‡bi †cbwmj, †µqb, c¨v‡÷j
I Kvwj‡Z AvuKv Qwe¸wj‡K `y‡Uv cÖavb ai‡bi
fvM Kiv hvq, Pjw”P‡Î cÖ‡qvR‡b Aw¼Z
wPÎ I Ab¨vb¨ welqwfwËK wPÎ| Qwei Rb¨ AvuKv
†iLvwPÎ, †hgb, ÔK¨ wffv †gK&wm‡KvÕ
I ÔAvBfvb ` †Uwie&j&Õ wPÎgvjv wPÎbv‡U¨iB
Avi GKwU w`K-A‡bKUv kU© n¨vÊ ivBwUs Gi g‡Zv|
wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb & †KRb †hvM¨ wPÎbvU¨Kvi/cwiPvjK
Zuvi wbg©xqgvb Qwei Rb¨ wewfbœ `„k¨ gbð‡
GZ my›`ifv‡e Kíbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb †h
wZwb Zv Gu‡K †dj‡Z cv‡ib LyuZnxbfv‡e|
Zvn‡j wkí-wb‡`©kK I Awf‡bZv‡`i wZwb
wb‡`©k w`‡Z cvv‡ib mwVKfv‡e| AvB‡Rb÷vB‡bi
Kv‡Q Avw½K I `„k¨iƒc wQj wel‡qi m‡½
Awe‡”Q`¨fv‡e RwoZ| †h Rb¨ Qwei welqe¯‘‡K
wZwb †kl wW‡Uj ch©š— †f‡e I
KL‡bv KL‡bv Gu‡K wb‡Zb| KL‡bv we‡kl
†Kv‡bv B‡gR AbyNU‡Ki KvR Ki‡Zv I wel‡qi
cÖwZ Zuvi `„wófw½‡K my`„p Ki‡Zv|
†hgb I‡Wmvi wmuwoi `„k¨Kí wN‡i iwPZ|
G‡‡Î GKUv †fŠZ B‡gR Zuvi Kíbv‡K
DØy× K‡i| Avevi KL‡bv KvíwbK B‡gR
Zuvi Qwei †Kw›`ªq †gvwUd ˆZwi K‡i‡Q|
Zuvi Dw³ t In
an accomplished film there probably is a scene in which are condensed
the stylistic qualities of the whole and which can give a key as to
its compositional structure.
1924-‡q bvUK I g †_‡K
m‡i Avmvi ci wPÎRxeb ïi“ K‡i 1931 ch©š—
mvZ eQi †iLvwP‡Îi we‡kl e¨envi wZwb K‡ibwb|
Pjw”P‡Îi m‡½ RwoZ bq Ggb †h me
Qwe wZwb Gu‡K‡Qb †m¸wjI cÖvmw½K
hv‡Z AvKv‡ii mijZv Qvov Avi hv D‡jL‡hvM¨
Zv nj Zuvi A¼b‰kjxi `ywU w`K t buresque
& erotic. `ywU
GKB Drm †_‡K wbM©Z, Rxe‡bi `yB AwfNvZ| GKwU‡Z
Rxe‡bi ¯^vaxb, Avk¼vnxb, Awebvkx, ewngyL©x iƒc,
Ab¨Uvq Rxe‡bi Aš—i½, Aš—gy©Lx
cÖKvk| `yBB Rxeb| Erotic,
festive & religious-GB
wZb Abyl‡½i g‡a¨Kvi RxebgyLx m¤úK©
Zuvi †gK&wm‡Kv wPÎgvjvq wea„Z| Zuvi †iLvwP‡Îi
mhZœ K‡¤úvwRkb †`‡L A‡b‡K
e‡jb AvB‡Rb÷vBb cieZ©x Rxe‡b gbZv‡R
AvMÖn Kwg‡q GKK I c„_K k‡Ui cÖwZ †ewk
g‡bv‡hvM †`b| Avm‡j wKš‘ gbZv‡Ri
cÖwZ Zuvi AvMÖn †gv‡UB K‡gwb, gbZvR cÖwZwU
B‡gR I kU wb †q Kvh©Ki e‡j wZwb c„_K k‡Ui
gv‡bi cÖwZI mgvb ¸i“Z¡ w`w”Q‡jb|
Zuvi A¼‡b I wbwg©Z wP‡Î Zvi m‡›`nvZxZ
cÖgvY i‡q‡Q |
wbwg©Z Qwe t
÷ªvBK (1924), e¨vUjwkc c‡UgwKb, A‡±vei
, †Rbv‡ij jvBb , K¨ wffv †gK&wm‡Kv ,
†ewSb †g‡Wv , Av‡jKRvÊvi †bf&w¯‹
, AvBfvb ` †Uwie&j&
cÖvmw½K MÖš’t Yon
Barna-i AvB‡Rb÷vBb,
gvwi wmU‡bi Gm Gg AvB‡Rb÷vBb-G ev‡qvMÖvwd||
