Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx,
(gIjvbv) (1880-1976) ag©xq †bZv I ivRbxwZK| gIjvbv fvmvbx
bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPZ| wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb ¯^-wkw²Z ew³;
Zuvi Rxeb wQj MÖvg wfwËK, gZev` DMÖ Ges Jcwb‡ewkK
ivxwZbxwZi cÖwZ wZwb wQ‡jb Av¯’vnxb| mviv ivR‰bwZK
Rxe‡b wZwb cÖPzi cÖfve cÖwZcwËi AwaKvix wQ‡jb
Ges †ek wKQy mvaviY I ¯’vbxq wbe©vP‡b RqxI
n‡qwQ‡jb|
fvmvbx 1880 mv‡j
wmivRMÄ †Rjvi abcvov MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
Zvi wcZv wQ‡jb nvRx kivdZ Avjx Lvb| ¯’vbxq ¯‹zj
I gv`ªvmvq K‡qK eQi Aa¨qb Qvov Zvi we‡kl †Kvb
cÖvwZôvwbK wk²v wQj bv| wZwb Kg©Rxeb ïi“
K‡ib Uv½vB‡ji KvMgvwi‡Z GKwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi
wk²K wn‡m‡e| c‡i wZwb gqgbwmsn †Rjvi nvjyqvNvU
GjvKvi Kvjv MÖv‡g GKwU gv`ªvmvq wk²KZv K‡ib|
1919 mv‡j weªwUk
we‡ivax Amn‡hvM I †LjvdZ Av‡›`vj‡b
†hvM`v‡bi ga¨ w`‡q Zuvi ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡bi
m~Pbv nq| c‡i wZwb Uv½vBj †Rjvi m‡š—v‡l
wM‡q Z_vKvi AZ¨vPvwiZ K…lK‡`i †bZ…Z¡
MÖnY K‡ib| w·ki `k‡Ki †kl w`‡K
wZwb Avmv‡gi NvMgvivq emevmKvix evOvwj‡`i ¯^v_©ivi
Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb ïi“ K‡ib|
H GjvKvq eªþcyÎ
b`xi fvmvbP‡i eb¨vi Kej †_‡K evOvwj K…lK‡`i
i²vi Rb¨ wZwb †¯^”Qvkª‡gi wfwˇZ
GKwU euva wbg©vY K‡ib| fvmvbP‡ii RbmvaviY Zv‡K
Ôfvmvbx mv‡neÕ e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i Ges cieZ©xKv‡j
GB Dcvwa Zuvi bv‡gi Awew”Qbœ As‡k cwiYZ nq|
Avmvg miKvi AvBb K‡i
Ggb GKwU †fŠMwjK mxgv‡iLv †U‡b †`q
hv‡Z evOvwjiv H mxgv AwZvµg K‡i emwZ ¯’vcb
Ki‡Z cviZ bv| GB AvB‡bi e‡j ¯’vbxq Angxiv
ÔevOvwj †L`vIÕ Av‡›`vjb ïi“
K‡i| 1937 mv‡j fvmvbx gymwjg jx‡M †hvM`vb K‡ib
Ges AwP‡iB `‡ji Avmvg kvLvi mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb| GB
†fŠ‡MvwjK eva¨evaKZvi e¨vcv‡i Avmv‡gi
gyL¨ggš¿x m¨vi †gvnv¤§` mv`Djvn&i
m‡½ gIjvbv fvmvbxi msNl© euv‡a| fviZ wefv‡Mi
mgq fvmvbx Avmv‡gi †Mvqvjcvov †Rjvq GB cÖ_vi
wei“‡× Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZ…Z¡
w`w”Q‡jb| Avmvg miKvi Zv‡K †MÖßvi
K‡i Ges 1947 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K GB k‡Z©
gyw³ †`q †h, wZwb wPiw`‡bi Rb¨ Avmvg †Q‡o
P‡j hv‡e|
1948 mv‡ji †Mvovi
w`‡K gIjvbv fvmvbx c~e© evsjvq Av‡mb, wKš‘
cÖv‡`wkK gymwjg jx‡Mi †bZ…Z¡ †_‡K
Zv‡K `~‡i ivLv nq| fMœ ü`‡q wZwb `w²Y
Uv½vBj GjvKvi Dc-wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jxM cÖv_x Ges
KiwUqvi Rwg`vi Lyiig Lvb cbœx‡K civwRZ K‡ib| wKš‘
cÖv‡`wkK Mf©bi Am`ycv‡qi Awf‡hvM G‡b
wbe©vP‡bi djvdj evwZj K‡ib Ges mKj cÖv_©x‡K
1950 mvj ch©š— wbe©vP‡b cÖwZØw›ØZvi
A‡hvM¨ e‡j †NvlYv K‡ib| 1949 mv‡j
cbœxi Ici †_‡K GB evav Zz‡j †bIqv nq, wKš‘
fvmvbxi Ici Zv ejer _v‡K|
1949 mv‡j fvmvbx
cybivq Avmvg hvb, Ges GLv‡b Zv‡K †MÖßvi
K‡i ayewo †R‡j cvVv‡bv nq| wKQyw`b ci gyw³
†c‡q wZwb XvKvq wd‡i Av‡mb| G mgq c~e©
cvwK¯—vb gymwjg jxM †bZ…Z¡ msKU †`Lv
†`q Ges `‡ji hyye-m`m¨ I QvÎjxM Kg©x‡`i
g‡a¨ nZvkvi m„wó nq| gymwjg jx‡Mi ²
zä m`m¨iv XvKvq 1949 mv‡ji 23-24 Ryb GK Kg©x m‡¤§jb
AvnŸvb K‡i| G m‡¤§jbwU AbywôZ nq
¯^vgxev‡Mi †ivR Mv‡W©‡b| G‡Z
cÖ‡`‡ki wewfbœ GjvKv †_‡K cÖvq
300 cÖwZwbwa †hvM`vb K‡ib| 24 Ryb c~e© cvwK¯—vb
AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM bv‡g GKwU bZzb ivR‰bwZK `j Rb¥jvf
K‡i| Gi mfvcwZ nb gIjvbv fvmvbx, Ges Uv½vB‡ji kvgmyj
nK nb mvaviY m¤úv`K| Rb¥w`‡b bZzb `jwU XvKvi
Avigvwb‡Uvjvq fvmvbxi mfvcwˇZ¡ GKwU Rbmfvi Av‡qvRb
K‡i| H ¯’v‡b wØZxq mfvwU Kiv nq 11 A‡±vei,
Ges mfv †k‡l cÖ‡`‡k `ywf©e¯’vq
cÖwZev‡` GKwU †kvfvhvÎv wb‡q mwPevjq Awfgy‡L
AMÖmi n‡j fvmvbxmn bZzb `‡ji A‡bK †bZv‡K
†MÖßvi Kiv nq| KvivMv‡i Abk‡bi d‡j
Zuvi Ae¯’v m¼Uvcbœ Zv‡Z gyw³ †`Iqv
nq (1950)|
1952 mv‡ji 21 †deª“qvwi
XvKvq ivóªfvlv Av‡›`vj‡b cywj‡ki
¸wj‡Z K‡qKRb QvÎ wbnZ nb| fvmvbx Gi Kov cÖwZev`
K‡ib Ges 23 †deª“qvwi Zuv‡K Zuvi MÖv‡gi
evwo †_‡K †MÖßvi K‡i †R‡j
cvVv‡bv nq| ivR‰bwZKfv‡e fvmvbx G‡Z AviI kw³kvjx
n‡q I‡Vb| cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki cÖ_g w`‡K
fvmvbx me‡P‡q cÖwZev`x Ges kª‡×q ivRbxwZK
wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K cÖwZwôZ K‡ib|
AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e fvmvbx ZLbKvi cuvPwU
we‡ivax `j wb‡q hy³d«›U bv‡g GKwU
†gvP©v MVb K‡ib| G †gvP©vi Acivci †bZv
wQ‡jb G.†K dRjyj nK, †nv‡mb knx` †mvn&ivIqv`x©,
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb I nvRx †gvnv¤§`
`v‡bk| 1954 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m AbywôZ gvP©
gv‡m AbywôZ wbe©vP‡b hy³d«›U,
223wU Avmb jvf K‡i Ges gymwjg jxM cvq gvÎ 7wU Avmb|
evievi Kvivei‡Yi
d‡j KvivMv‡i KwgDwb÷‡`i m‡½ gIjvbvi
†hvMv‡hvM N‡U Ges wZwb mgvRZvwš¿K gZev`
m¤ú‡K© AviI m‡PZb n‡q I‡Vb|
KwgDwb÷iv Zv‡K Av`gRx RyUwgj gR`yi BDwbq‡bi Ges c~e©
cvwK¯—vb †ijI‡q GgcqxR jx‡Mi mfvcwZ
K‡i| 1954 mv‡ji †g w`e‡m wZwb XvKv I bvivqYM‡Ä
`ywU e„nr kªwgK mgv‡e‡k mfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib|
H eQiB wZwb c~e© cvwK¯—vb K…lK mwgwZi mfvcwZ nb|
Gi Aíw`b c‡i wZwb KwgDwb÷ cÖfvweZ Avš—R©vwZK
kvwš— KwgwUi c~e© cvwK¯—vb kvLvi mfvcwZ c‡`
Avmxb nb Ges ÷K‡nv‡g AbywôZ wek¦kvwš—
m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib| G my‡hv‡M
wZwb BD‡iv‡ci eû †`k ågY K‡i wek¦e¨vcx
mgvRZvwš¿K Av‡›`vjb m¤ú‡K©
cÖZ¨² Ávb jvf K‡ib|
BwZg‡a¨ AvIqvgx
gymwjg jxM Ges K…lK kªwgK cvwU©i ؇›Øi
Kvi‡Y hy³d«›U fvO‡bi m¤§yLxb
nq| AvcÖvY †Póv K‡iI wZwb GB Ø›Ø
†gUv‡Z cv‡ib wb| Gw`‡K 1956 mv‡j †K‡›`ª
†nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM †Kvqvwjkb
miKvi MVb K‡ib| †mvnivIqv`©x cÖavbgš¿x
nb Ges AvZvDi ingvb Lvb‡K c~e© evsjvi gyL¨gš¿x
Kiv nq| cvwK¯—v‡bi msweavb cÖYq‡bi e¨vcv‡iI
†mvnivIqv`©xi m‡½ gIjvbvi gZwe‡iva †`Lv
†`q| cÖ¯—vweZ cvwK¯—vb msweav‡b
msL¨vjNy Rb‡Mvôxi c„_K wbe©vPb e¨e¯’vi
wei“‡× gIjvbv Zxeª cÖwZev` K‡ib| †mvnivIqv`©x
c„_K wbe©vP‡bi ccvwZ wQ‡jb| gIjvbv Zuvi gvwK©b
hy³ivóª †Nlv ˆe‡`wkK bxwZi we‡ivwaZv
K‡ib| wZwb †P‡qwQ‡jb Px‡bi m‡½
Nwbô m¤úK© M‡o Zzj‡Z|
gIjvbv fvmvbx 1957 mv‡j
KvMgvwi‡Z AvIqvgx jx‡Mi GK m‡¤§jb AvnŸvb
K‡ib| H m‡¤§j‡b wZwb †mvnivIqv`©xi
ˆe‡`wkK bxwZi Zxeª we‡ivwaZv K‡ib| GB gZwe‡iv‡ai
Kvi‡Y `‡j fvOb ¯úó n‡q I‡V|
H eQi gIjvbv fvmvbx XvKvq cvwK¯—v‡bi mKj evgcš’x
`‡ji GKwU m‡¤§jb AvnŸvb K‡ib Ges
b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU© (b¨vc) bv‡g GKwU byZb `j MVb
K‡ib| wZwb GB `‡ji mfvcwZ nb Gves Gi †m‡µUvwi
†Rbv‡ij nb cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi gvngy`yj
nK Imgvbx| GB mgq †_‡K gvIjvbv cÖKv‡k¨ evgcš’x
ivRbxwZ AbymiY Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|
cvwK¯—v‡bi
†mbvcÖavb AvBqye Lvb ivóªxq ²gZv `Lj Ki‡j
gIjvbv‡K Avevi AvUK Kiv nq| 1963 mv‡j †Rj †_‡K
gyw³ cvIqvi ci gIjvbv Pxb åg‡Y hvb Ges 194 mv‡j
nvfvbvq wek¦ kvwš— m‡¤§j‡b
AskMÖnY K‡ib| wZwb AvBqye Lv‡bi cÖ¯—vweZ
†gŠwjK MYZš¿x‡`i Øviv MwVZ wbe©vPKgÛjxi
K‡Vvi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib Ges cÖvßeq‡¯‹i
†fvUvwaKv‡ii wfwˇZ wbe©vP‡bi c‡²
Av‡›`vjb ïi“ K‡ib| 1967 mv‡j wek¦
mgvRZš¿ †mvwf‡qZcš’x I Pxbcš’x
GB `yB wkwe‡i wef³ n‡q c‡o| c~e© cvwK¯—vb
b¨vcI fvM nq, Ges gIjvbv Pxbcš’x †bZ…Z¡
_v‡Kb|
wZwb AvBqye miKvi‡K
mvgªvR¨ev‡`i †jRyo wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡ib
Ges AvBqye Lvb‡K ²gZv †_‡K Acmvi‡Yi Rb¨
Av‡›`vjb ïi“ K‡ib| wZwb †kL gywReyi
ingv‡bi wei“‡× `v‡qiK…Z wg_¨v
gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi Ges Zv‡K gyw³ `v‡bi Rb¨
Pvc m„wó K‡ib| we‡ivax`‡ji K‡Vvi
Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L AvBqye Lvb c`Z¨vM K‡ib
Ges †mbvevwnbx cÖavb †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb ²gZvq
Avmxb nb| ivR‰bwZK msKU wbim‡bi Rb¨ Bqvwnqv Lvb 1970
mv‡ji 7 wW‡m¤^i cvj©v‡g›U wbe©vP‡bi
e¨e¯’v K‡ib| gIjvbv wbe©vPb eqKU K‡i
b‡f¤^‡ii cÖjq¼ix N~wb©S‡o
DcK~jxq A‡ji wZMÖ¯— †jvK‡`i
ÎvY I c~be©vm‡b AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡vib| N~wY©S‡o
wZMÖ¯—‡`i cÖwZ †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii
Ae‡njvi Kvi‡Y gIjvbv cÖKv‡k¨ c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi
¯^vaxbZv `vwe K‡ib|
1971 mv‡j gyw³hy×
ïi“ n‡j gIjvbv fvmvbx fvi‡Z P‡j hvb; wKš‘
¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i cÖvq c~Y© mgq Zv‡K w`wj‡Z
AvUK ivLv nq| 1972 mv‡ji 22 Rvbyqvwi XvKvq wd‡i wZwb me©cÖ_g
†h `vwewU †Zv‡jb Zv n‡jv evsjv‡`k f~LÊ
†_‡K fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi AcmviY| H eQi 25 †deª“qvwi
wZwb ÔnKK_vÕ bv‡g GKvwU mvßvwnK cwÎKvi
cÖKvkbv ïi“ K‡ib| AwP‡iB cwÎKvwUi
cÖPvi msL¨v e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| cwÎKvwU
Aíw`b c‡iB wbwl× †NvwlZ nq| 1973 mv‡ji
cvj©v‡g›U wbe©vP‡bi ci gIjvbv †`‡k
cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨vw`i g~‡j¨i Ea©MwZ,
AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZi AebwZ Ges Lv`¨ msK‡Ui
cÖwZev‡` Abkb ïi“ K‡ib| 1974 mv‡j
wZwb ûKzgZ-B-iveŸvbx ZwiKvi cÖwZôvb K‡ib
Ges AvIqvgx jxM miKvi Ges fviZ-‡mvwf‡q‡Zi KZ…©‡Z¡i
wei“‡× †Rnv` †NvlYv K‡ib| 1974 mv‡ji
GwcÖj gv‡m QqwU `j wb‡q gIjvbvi †bZ…‡Z¡
& hy³ d«›U MVb Kiv nq| GB d«È fviZ-evsjv‡`k
mxgvbv Pzw³ Awej‡¤^ i` Ges we‡ivax `‡ji
wei“‡× wbh©vZbg~jK Kg©KvÛ eÜ
Kivi `vwe Rvbvq| 30 Ryb gIjvbv‡K †MÖßvi K‡i
Uv½vBj †Rjvi m‡š—v‡l ¯^xq evmfe‡b
M„ne›`x Kiv nq| gIjvbv fvmvbx dviv°v Awfgy‡L GK
js gv‡P© †bZ…Z¡ †`b| 1976 mv‡ji
2 A‡±vei wZwb †Lv`vqx wL`gZMvi bv‡g GKwU bZzb
msMVb M‡o †Zv‡jb Ges m‡š—v‡l
Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq ¯’vc‡bi Kv‡R AvZ¥wb‡qvM
K‡ib| wZwb m‡š—v‡l GKwU KvwiMwi wk²v
K‡jR, Ges KvMgvwi‡Z gIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avjx
K‡jR cÖwZôv K‡ib| Avmv‡g wZwb BwZc~‡e©
30wU wk²v cÖwZôvb ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb|
wZwb 1976 mv‡ji 2 A‡±vei wZwb †Lv`vqx wL`gZMvi
bv‡g GKwU bZzb msMVb M‡o †Zv‡jb Ges m‡š—vl
Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq ¯’vc‡bi Kv‡R AvZ¥wb‡qvM
K‡ib| wZwb m‡š—v‡l GKwU KvwiMwi wk²v
K‡jR, †g‡q‡`i GKwU ¯‹zj Ges GKwU
wkï †K›`ª ¯’vcb K‡ib| wZwb cuvPwewe‡Z
bRi“j Bmjvg K‡jR Ges KvMgvwi‡Z gIjvbv †gvnv¤§`
Avjx K‡jR cÖwZôv K‡ib| Avmv‡g wZwb BwZc~‡e©
30wU wk²v cÖwZôvb ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb|
wZwb 1976 mv‡ji 17 b‡f¤^i g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|
Zuv‡K m‡š—v‡l mgvwnZ Kiv nq|
